Publications

Much attention is being paid lately to how America should respond to the post-Cold War international environment, to what America should do in and for the world. The challenge is so important that it sometimes obscures the fact that...

The full list of book reviews can be accessed here....

Since the 1950s, Washington has provided assistance to several countries in which the United States has bases or other military facilities–primarily military aid under the Foreign Military Financing (FMF) program and economic aid through the Economic Support Fund (ESF)....

In Eastern Europe and the former Soviet republics, the present era is one of assertive nationalism. In Arab lands, the vitality of nationalism seems quenched. Perhaps this is because the nationalism currently sweeping across Eastern Europe and the former...

Post-Soviet Moscow is apparently committed to preserving and enhancing the military-technological prowess formerly possessed by the Soviet Union. This commitment is rarely if ever stated baldly, for reasons of both politics and security. But it emerges clearly from a...

Many analysts consider chemical and biological weapons to be of limited military utility, in part because countermeasures exist to keep down battlefield casualties. Chemical weapons can produce high numbers of casualties when used against an unprotected civilian population, however....

In 1954, President Dwight Eisenhower appointed a panel to make recommendations regarding covert political action as an instrument of foreign policy. The panel, headed by General Jimmy Doolittle, included the following statement in its report: It is now clear...

From the creation of the Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) in 1947 to the end of the cold war in 1992, the key objective of the agency was learning the intentions and capabilities of a hostile Soviet government. The American...

The sudden and unexpected collapse of communism in East-Central Europe in the fall of 1989 alerted analysts to the possibility that the Soviet Union might succumb to forces of radical change. To forestall undesirable results of such a collapse,...

In 455, the Eastern Roman Emperor Marcian prohibited the export of all weapons, and materials for making weapons, to the barbarians. Plus ca change . . . The 1968 treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons (NPT) and the 1987 Missile...