Mark Duckenfield is Professor of International Economics in the Department of National Security and Strategy (DNSS) at the US Army War College. Prior to joining the USAWC, he taught at the Air War College (2009-2015), the London School of Economics (2004-2009), and University College London (2000-2004). He holds an MA and Ph.D. in political science from Harvard University where he specialized in European political economy.  He has written numerous academic articles on gold, financial crises, and international political economy and is the author of the book Business and the Euro (Palgrave, 2006). He also served as editor/general editor of the volumes  Battles over Free Trade: Anglo-American Experiences with International Trade, 1776-2006 (Pickering&Chatto, 2008);  The History of Financial Disasters, 1763-1995 (Pickering&Chatto, 2006); and A Monetary History of Gold (Pickering&Chatto, 2004);. More recently, his research has focused on sanctions, the economics of national security, and the role of the dollar as the world’s reserve currency. Dr. Duckenfield has given invited lectures on topics ranging from sanctions and economic coercion to Brexit, and the 2008 global financial crisis.