Dr Samuel Ramani is an Associate Fellow at the Royal United Services Institute (RUSI) think tank in London and CEO of Pangea Geopolitical Risk. Before joining RUSI in 2021, Samuel received his doctorate at St. Antony’s College, University of Oxford in International Relations. Samuel is the author of two books on Russian foreign policy “Putin’s War on Ukraine: Russia’s Campaign for Global Counter-Revolution” and “Russia in Africa: Resurgent Great Power or Bellicose Pretender” which were published jointly by Oxford University Press and Hurst in 2023. Samuel is currently writing a book on US foreign policy towards Africa since the end of the Cold War. Samuel advises the UK government on security policy issues relating to Russia and China, and is a regular contributor to Foreign Policy, BBC World News, Sky News, The Telegraph, Al Jazeera, and CNN.