E-Notes

Arnold J. Toynbee, a British delegate at the 1919 Versailles Peace Conference, records an anecdote about the annoyance caused there by the flamboyant personal diplomacy of T. E. Lawrence. Though a British subject, Lawrence was a member of the...

Kaplan delivered this talk as the keynote in FPRI’s two-day History Institute for Teachers on the New Middle East held October 16-17, 2004. Other speakers included Beth Baron, City University of New York; Eric Davis, Rutgers University; Michael S. Doran (see video), Princeton University; Najib Ghadbian, University of...

Mankind today is on the brink of a precipice, not because of the danger of complete annihilation which is hanging over its head— this being just a symptom and not the real disease— but because humanity is devoid of...

Who will be the key players and factions in post-Arafat Palestinian politics? There are unfortunately far too many of them. Arafat’s legacy will be fought over by at least five major factions, three separate institutions, and fourteen different security...

One of the most contentious issues of this presidential election is the high level of anti-Americanism in the world today. Is the problem due to an understandable reaction against the policies of President George W. Bush or rather the...

Russia is under assault by Islamic terrorists. On August 24, two Russian airliners were blown up, leaving 90 people dead. A week later, a car bomb near a Moscow subway station killed another ten people, and the next day,...

In a speech before the Veterans of Foreign Wars Convention in Cincinnati, Ohio, on August 16, 2004, President George W. Bush confirmed a long-rumored shift in America’s overseas military force posture. He announced that over the next decade...

Almost three years after the attacks on September 11, 2001, the 9/11 Commission Report (The Report) has finally provided the nation with both a comprehensive account of the attacks and some new insights on security recommendations. No doubt about...

Summary Nestled between the two key events on the road to full Iraqi sovereignty— the selection of the Interim Government in May 2004 and elections in January 2005, there is an obscure event that has to date been treated...

For many, it now seems that the hopes and expectations of the large majority of Iraqis that a more participatory and tolerant society would be created in the wake of the fall of the Baathist regime of Saddam Hussein...